Imiterere ya podiyumu irashobora gushushanywa hifashishijwe beto cyangwa ibyuma, hamwe nibishusho nkibikoresho byurubuga na π-byubatswe. Guhitamo biterwa kandi nuburyo ibikoresho byateguwe murwego rumwe cyangwa ibice byinshi.

1. Abahindura

Impinduka ni ibikoresho byingenzi mubisimburano kandi birashobora gushyirwa mubice bibiri bihinduranya, ibyuma bitatu bihinduranya, hamwe na autotransformers (bisangiye guhinduranya kuri voltage nini nini kandi ntoya, hamwe na robine yakuwe mumashanyarazi menshi kugirango ikore nkibiri hasi ibisohoka). Urwego rwa voltage ruringaniye numubare wimpinduka zuzunguruka, mugihe ikigezweho kiringaniye.

Abahindura barashobora gutondekwa hashingiwe kubikorwa byabo murwego rwo hejuru-bahindura (bikoreshwa mukwohereza insimburangingo) hamwe na transfers-hasi (ikoreshwa mukwakira insimburangingo). Umuvuduko wa transformateur ugomba guhuza na voltage ya sisitemu yingufu. Kugirango ugumane urwego rwemewe rwa voltage munsi yimitwaro itandukanye, abahindura bashobora gukenera guhinduranya kanda.

Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhinduranya kanda, abahindura barashobora gushyirwa mubice-by-imizigo ihinduranya imashini ihinduranya imashini. Kuri-umutwaro kanda-ihindura imashini ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukwakira insimburangingo.

2. Guhindura ibikoresho

Impinduka za voltage hamwe na transformateur zubu zikora kimwe na transformateur, zihindura voltage nini numuyoboro munini uva mubikoresho na bisi muri voltage yo hasi hamwe nurwego rwubu rukwiranye nibikoresho byo gupima, kurinda relay, nibikoresho byo kugenzura. Mugihe cyimikorere ikora, voltage ya kabiri ya transformateur ya voltage ni 100V, mugihe icyiciro cya kabiri cya transformateur isanzwe ni 5A cyangwa 1A. Ni ngombwa kwirinda gufungura uruziga rwa kabiri rwa transformateur iriho, kuko ibyo bishobora kuganisha ku muvuduko mwinshi utera ibyago ibikoresho n'abakozi.

3. Guhindura ibikoresho

Ibi birimo ibice byumuzunguruko, abigunga, guhinduranya imizigo, hamwe n’amashanyarazi menshi, bikoreshwa mu gufungura no gufunga imirongo. Inzitizi zumuzingi zikoreshwa muguhuza no guhagarika imirongo mugihe gikora gisanzwe kandi igahita itandukanya ibikoresho numurongo bidakwiye bigenzurwa nibikoresho birinda relay. Mu Bushinwa, imashini zangiza ikirere hamwe na sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) zangiza imashanyarazi zikoreshwa cyane mubisumizi biri hejuru ya 220kV.

Igikorwa cyibanze cyo kwigunga (guhinduranya ibyuma) ni ugutandukanya ingufu za voltage mugihe ibikoresho cyangwa gufata umurongo kugirango umutekano ubeho. Ntibishobora guhagarika imizigo cyangwa amakosa yinzitizi kandi bigomba gukoreshwa bifatanyijemo imashanyarazi. Mugihe cy'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, icyuma cyumuzunguruko kigomba gukingurwa mbere y’akato, kandi mugihe cyo kugarura amashanyarazi, icyuma kigomba gufungwa mbere yo kumena amashanyarazi. Imikorere idakwiye irashobora gukurura ibikoresho no gukomeretsa umuntu.

Guhindura imizigo birashobora guhagarika imizigo mugihe gikora gisanzwe ariko ikabura ubushobozi bwo guhagarika amakosa. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa bifatanije na fu-voltage yumuriro wa transformateur cyangwa imirongo isohoka igaragara kuri 10kV no hejuru idakunze gukoreshwa.

Kugirango ugabanye ikirenge cya substations, SF6-ikingiwe na switchgear (GIS) ikoreshwa cyane. Iri koranabuhanga rihuza imiyoboro yamashanyarazi, izigunga, bisi, bisi zihinduranya, ibyuma bihindura ibikoresho, hamwe noguhagarika insinga mubice byegeranye, bifunze byuzuye gaze ya SF6 nkuburyo bukingira. GIS itanga ibyiza nkuburyo bworoshye, bworoshye, ubudahangarwa bwibidukikije, igihe kinini cyo kubungabunga, no kugabanya ibyago byo guhitanwa n’amashanyarazi no kutavuga urusaku. Yashyizwe mubikorwa mubice bigera kuri 765kV. Nyamara, birahenze cyane kandi bisaba ubuziranenge bwo gukora no kubungabunga.

4. Ibikoresho byo gukingira inkuba

Substations kandi zifite ibikoresho byo gukingira inkuba, cyane cyane inkuba hamwe nabafata surge. Inkoni zumurabyo zirinda inkuba itaziguye mu kuyobora inkuba mu butaka. Iyo inkuba ikubise imirongo iri hafi, irashobora gutera imbaraga zirenze urugero. Byongeye kandi, imikorere yamashanyarazi irashobora kandi gutera umuvuduko ukabije. Abata muri yombi bahita basohoka mu butaka iyo ingufu zirenze urugero runaka, bityo zikarinda ibikoresho. Nyuma yo gusezerera, bahita bazimya arc kugirango barebe imikorere isanzwe, nkabafata zinc oxyde surge