Umunara wohereza,bizwi kandi nk'umurongo wohereza umurongo, ni ibice bitatu-byifashishwa mu gushyigikira imirongo y'amashanyarazi hejuru ndetse n'imirongo irinda inkuba kuri voltage nini cyangwa ultra-high-voltage power. Duhereye ku miterere, iminara yoherejwe muri rusange igabanijwemoInguni y'icyuma, iminaraiminara ifatanye-ibyuma. Iminara y'icyuma ikoreshwa mubisanzwe mucyaro, mugihe inkingi yicyuma hamwe niminara fatizo yibyuma bifata imijyi kubera imijyi mito mito. Igikorwa nyamukuru cyiminara yohereza ni ugushyigikira no kurinda imirongo yumuriro no kwemeza imikorere ihamye ya sisitemu yingufu. Barashobora kwihanganira uburemere nuburemere bwumurongo wogukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza izo mbaraga kumfatiro nubutaka, bityo bigatuma umutekano ukorwa neza. Byongeye kandi, barinda imirongo yohereza iminara, ikababuza gutandukana cyangwa kumeneka kubera umuyaga cyangwa kwivanga kwabantu. Iminara yohereza kandi ikozwe mubikoresho byo kubika kugirango ibikorwa byogukwirakwiza imirongo ikwirakwizwa, birinde kumeneka no kurinda umutekano. Byongeye kandi, uburebure n'imiterere y'iminara yoherejwe bishobora kwihanganira ibintu bibi nk'ibiza, bikarushaho gukora neza kandi neza kandi neza.

Ukurikije intego,iminarairashobora kugabanwa muminara yoherejwe hamwe niminara yo gukwirakwiza. Iminara yohereza ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumirongo yohereza amashanyarazi menshi kugirango itwarwe ningufu ziva mumashanyarazi kugera kumasoko, mugihe iminara yo gukwirakwiza ikoreshwa mumirongo ikwirakwiza na voltage ntoya kugirango ikwirakwize ingufu ziva mumasoko kubakoresha batandukanye. Ukurikije uburebure bw'umunara, burashobora kugabanywa umunara wa voltage nkeya, umunara wa voltage mwinshi n'umunara wa ultra-high. Iminara ya voltage ntoya ikoreshwa cyane cyane kumurongo wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi make, hamwe nuburebure bwiminara muri rusange munsi ya metero 10; iminara miremire ikoreshwa mumirongo yohereza amashanyarazi menshi, hamwe n'uburebure muri metero 30; Iminara ya UHV ikoreshwa kumurongo wohereza amashanyarazi ya ultra-high, hamwe n'uburebure burenga metero 50. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije imiterere yumunara, iminara yoherejwe ishobora kugabanywamo iminara yicyuma, iminara yicyuma niminara ya beto.Icyumaiminara y'ibyuma ikoreshwa cyane cyane kumurongo wohereza amashanyarazi menshi, mugihe iminara ya beto ishimangirwa ikoreshwa cyane cyane kumirongo yo gukwirakwiza hagati na nini ya voltage.

Hamwe no kuvumbura no gukoresha amashanyarazi, guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, amashanyarazi yatangiye gukoreshwa cyane mu gucana no gukoresha amashanyarazi, bityo hakenerwa iminara yohereza. Iminara yiki gihe yari inyubako yoroshye, ahanini ikozwe mubiti n'ibyuma, kandi byakoreshwaga mu gushyigikira imirongo y'amashanyarazi hakiri kare. Mu myaka ya za 1920, hamwe nogukomeza kwaguka kwamashanyarazi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryohereza amashanyarazi, hubatswe iminara igoye cyane, nkiminara ya truss truss. Iminara yatangiye gufata ibishushanyo mbonera kugirango habeho imiterere itandukanye nikirere. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, inganda zoherejwe n’inganda zongerewe ingufu kubera kongera kubaka ibikorwa remezo byangiritse no kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi. Muri iki gihe, gushushanya umunara nubuhanga bwo gukora byateye imbere cyane, hamwe nicyuma gikomeye cyane hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwo kurwanya ruswa. Mubyongeyeho, iminara itandukanye yohereza yiyongereye kugirango ihuze ibikenewe murwego rwa voltage zitandukanye hamwe nibidukikije.

Mu myaka ya za 1980, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, igishushanyo mbonera nisesengura ryiminara yoherejwe byatangiye gukoreshwa muburyo bwa digitale, bitezimbere igishushanyo mbonera. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’iterambere ry’isi yose, inganda zoherejwe nazo zatangiye kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi imishinga mpuzamahanga n’imishinga y’ubufatanye irasanzwe. Kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, inganda zoherejwe zikomeje guhura n’ibibazo n'amahirwe yo guhanga udushya. Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya nka aluminiyumu n'ibikoresho byinshi, kimwe no gukoresha drone hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge, byateje imbere cyane imikorere n'imikorere y'iminara yoherejwe. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe ubukangurambaga ku bidukikije ku isi bukomeje kwiyongera, inganda nazo zirimo gushakisha uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, nko gukoresha ibikoresho bisubirwamo ndetse no kugabanya ingaruka z’ubwubatsi ku bidukikije.

Inganda zo hejuru zaiminaracyane harimo gukora ibyuma, gukora ibikoresho byo kubaka, no gukora imashini. Inganda zikora ibyuma zitanga ibikoresho bitandukanye bikenerwa muminara yoherejwe, harimo ibyuma bifata inguni, imiyoboro yicyuma, na rebar; ibikoresho byo kubaka inganda zikora inganda zitanga beto, sima nibindi bikoresho; n'inganda zikora imashini zitanga ibikoresho bitandukanye byubwubatsi nibikoresho byo kubungabunga. Urwego rwa tekiniki hamwe nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byinganda zo hejuru bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kumiterere nubuzima bwiminara yoherejwe.

Uhereye kubitekerezo byo hasi ya porogaramu,iminarazikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza. Nkuko ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba, umuyaga, n’amashanyarazi mato bikomeje kwiyongera, ni nako hakenerwa microcrid, bikarushaho kwagura isoko ry’ibikorwa remezo byohereza. Iyi myumvire yagize ingaruka nziza kumasoko yohereza. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu 2022, agaciro k’isoko ry’inganda zikwirakwizwa ku isi rizagera kuri miliyari 28.19 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bikiyongeraho 6.4% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Ubushinwa bwateye intambwe igaragara mu iterambere rya gride zikoresha ubwenge no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikwirakwiza amashanyarazi arenze urugero, ibyo bikaba bitaratumye iterambere ry’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo ryanagize ingaruka ku kwaguka kw'isoko mu karere kose ka Aziya-Pasifika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, akarere ka Aziya-Pasifika kahindutse isoko rinini ku baguzi ku isi iminara yohereza, bingana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’umugabane w’isoko, hafi 47.2%. Bikurikiranye n’amasoko y’uburayi n’amajyaruguru ya Amerika, bingana na 15.1% na 20.3%.

Dutegereje ejo hazaza, hamwe n’ishoramari rihoraho mu ivugurura ry’amashanyarazi no kuvugurura, hamwe n’ibikenerwa n’itangwa ry’amashanyarazi rihamye kandi ryizewe, isoko ry’umunara w’itumanaho riteganijwe gukomeza umuvuduko w’iterambere. Izi ngingo zerekana ko inganda zoherejwe zifite ejo hazaza heza kandi zizakomeza gutera imbere kwisi yose. Mu 2022, inganda z’itumanaho ry’Ubushinwa zizagera ku iterambere rikomeye, hamwe n’isoko rusange rifite agaciro ka miliyari 59.52, byiyongereyeho 8,6% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Icyifuzo cy’imbere mu isoko ry’umuriro w’Ubushinwa kigizwe ahanini n’ibice bibiri: kubaka imirongo mishya no gufata neza no kuzamura ibikoresho bihari. Kugeza ubu, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu ryiganjemo ibyifuzo byo kubaka imirongo mishya; icyakora, uko ibikorwa remezo bishaje nibisabwa kuzamurwa byiyongera, umugabane wisoko ryo gufata neza umunara no gusimburwa bigenda byiyongera. Imibare yo mu 2022 yerekana ko umugabane w isoko rya serivisi zo kubungabunga no gusimbuza inganda zo mu gihugu cyanjye zikwirakwiza zageze kuri 23.2%. Iyi myumvire iragaragaza ko hakenewe kongererwa ingufu amashanyarazi akomoka mu gihugu no kurushaho gushimangira uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no kwizerwa. Hamwe na guverinoma y’Ubushinwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ingamba z’ingufu no kubaka imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, biteganijwe ko inganda z’umuriro zikomeza gukomeza inzira ihamye y’iterambere mu myaka mike iri imbere.